DOPAMINERGIC CIRCUITS UNDERLYING ASSOCIATIVE AVERSIVE LEARNING

Dopaminergic circuits underlying associative aversive learning

Associative aversive learning enables biermann marzipan animals to predict and avoid threats and thus is critical for survival and adaptive behavior.Anxiety disorders are characterized with deficits in normal aversive learning mechanisms and hence understanding the neural circuits underlying aversive learning and memory has high clinical relevance.

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One-pot three-component tandem annulation of 4-hydroxycoumarine with aldehyde and aromatic amines using graphene oxide as an efficient catalyst

Abstract A convenient and efficient solvent-free, facile, one-pot three-component graphene oxide catalysed shades 4nch approach has been described for the synthesis of chromeno-[4,3-b]quinolin-6-one derivatives from 4-hydroxycoumarin with aldehydes and aromatic amines.Graphene oxide (GO) has proved to be a new class purina exclusive puppy food of h

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Genetic Manipulation of Leishmania donovani to Explore the Involvement of Argininosuccinate Synthase in Oxidative Stress Management.

Reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (ROS and RNS) produced by the phagocytic cells are the most common arsenals used to kill the intracellular pathogens.However, Leishmania, an intracellular pathogen, has evolved mechanisms to survive by counterbalancing the toxic oxygen metabolites produced during infection.Polyamines, the major contributor in th

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